Ensuring the security of web and database servers is a pivotal aspect of network administration. Despite the uniqueness of each network, there are universally applicable strategies to bolster security against potential threats.
Web Server Security Considerations
- Apache Configuration: Apache’s popularity stems from its flexibility and documentation availability, but this also makes it a target for hackers. To mitigate risks, administrators should avoid default installations and only enable necessary features (Jang & Messier, 246). Using encryption for all communications, facilitated by SSL/TLS certificates from authorities like Let’s Encrypt, enhances security. Let’s Encrypt provides automated certificate management, reducing manual overhead (Let’s Encrypt!, 2019).
- Module Management and Information Disclosure: Only essential modules for languages like PHP or Python should be installed and regularly updated to prevent vulnerabilities. Limiting server information exposure, such as disabling ServerTokens, reduces data available to potential attackers. Running Apache under a non-privileged user account without shell access further restricts unauthorized system interactions (Jang & Messier, 246-250).
Database Server Hardening
- MySQL/MariaDB Security: Hosting the database server on a separate system from the web server, with strict access controls, enhances security. Configuring a strong root password and limiting root access is crucial. The default MySQL port 3306 should be carefully managed through firewall settings to allow only authorized connections.
Remote Access Management
- VPN and SSH: Combining VPN with SSH provides a secure method for remote system access. Restricting SSH connections to known internal and VPN network IPs, and setting firewall rules to block unauthorized SSH attempts, fortify remote access security.
Incorporating these security measures during the setup and ongoing maintenance of web and database servers is essential for protecting network infrastructure and data integrity.
References
- Jang, M. H., & Messier, R. (2017). Security strategies in Linux platforms and applications. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- Let’s Encrypt! (2019). How It Works.
